Downstream kernel
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The term Downstream kernel is opposite of (Close to) Mainline kernel.
Oftentimes, downstream kernel sources have tens of thousands of lines of code changed (not even counting vendor specific changes which easily reach into the millions; the trend goes towards minimizing the changed lines).
Disadvantages
- Security risks as vendor kernels rarely get updates
- Some software is unable to work due to driver incompatibility or outdated kernel version
Why use downstream then?
Sometimes, downstream kernel is easier to port than mainline. While most devices with downstream kernels have limited functionality, some of them still support features allowing to repurpose the device (e.g. as server).